::class\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\nUnion\u578b\u306e\u5c0e\u5165<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
PHP\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u30d2\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u95a2\u6570\uff08\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\uff09\u306e\u5165\u529b\u578b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u6307\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f93\u6765\u3001\u3053\u306e\u578b\u306f1\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001PHP 8.0\u3067\u306fUnion\u578b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u2019|\u2019\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u8907\u6570\u306e\u578b\u306e\u5019\u88dc\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 1 Union\u578b\u306e\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<?php\nclass Test {\n public int|float $x;\n public function foo(Foo|Bar $in) : int|float {\n return 1.23;\n }\n}\n\nclass Foo {};\nclass Bar {};\n\n$obj = new Test();\n$obj->foo(123); \/\/ Fatal error\n$obj->foo(new Foo); \/\/ 1.23\n$obj->x = \"123\";\u3000\nvar_dump($obj->x); \/\/ int(123)\n$obj->x = \"1.23\";\nvar_dump($obj->x); \/\/ float(1.23)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u30ea\u30b9\u30c81\u306bUnion\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002Test\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306efoo\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066Foo\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u307e\u305f\u306fBar\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308a\u3001int\u307e\u305f\u306ffloat\u578b\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
public function foo(Foo|Bar $in) : int|float {<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nnull\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b(nullable)\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001Foo|Bar|null \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b null \u3092\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u542b\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002?Foo\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7701\u7565\u8a18\u6cd5\u306fUnion\u3068\u4f75\u7528\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001Foo\u307e\u305f\u306fBar\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5024\u3092\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc(Fatal error)\u3092\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0813\u884c\u76ee\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bUnion\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8907\u6570\u578b\u6307\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
public int|float $x;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u3000\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3067\u6570\u5024\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001Union\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u578b(\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306fint\u307e\u305f\u306ffloat)\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001PHP\u306e\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u5909\u63db\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6574\u6570\u306fint\u578b\u3001\u6d6e\u52d5\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u6570\u306ffloat\u578b\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059(15\uff5e18\u884c\u76ee)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
static\u578b\u623b\u308a\u5024\u6307\u5b9a<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u3000PHP 8.0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306b\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u540dstatic\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9045\u5ef6\u9759\u7684\u675f\u7e1b(late static binding)\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001static\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u6307\u5b9a\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5165\u529b\u5f15\u6570\u3084\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u5909\u6570\u306e\u578b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u30ea\u30b9\u30c82\u306b\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305a\u3001\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9gen1,gen2\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u30af\u30e9\u30b9A\u3068\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30b9A\u306e\u6d3e\u751f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9B\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002gen1\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306fnew self\u306b\u3088\u308a\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u65b0\u898f\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9B\u3067\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u89aa\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30af\u30e9\u30b9A\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059(10\u884c\u76ee)\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001gen2\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3067\u306fstatic\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9B\u3067\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u30af\u30e9\u30b9B\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059(11\u884c\u76ee)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001PHP 8\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306estatic\u578b\u6307\u5b9a\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f3\u30014\u884c\u76ee\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
public function gen1():static { return new self; }\npublic function gen2():static { return new static; }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u3000\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u623b\u308a\u5024\u304cstatic\u3067\u306a\u304410\u884c\u76ee\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306aTypeError\u3092\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TypeError: Return value of A::gen1() must be of Type B, A returned<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u3000static\u578b\u6307\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u578b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 2 static\u578b\u623b\u308a\u5024\u6307\u5b9a\u306e\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<?php\nclass A {\n public function gen1() { return new self; }\n public function gen2() { return new static; }\n}\nclass B extends A {}\n\n$a = new A;\n$b = new B;\nvar_dump($b->gen1()); \/\/ object(A)#3\nvar_dump($b->gen2()); \/\/ object(B)#3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5f31\u3044\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
PHP 7.4\u3067\u5f31\u3044\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u7834\u68c4\u6642\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7528\u9014\u306f\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002PHP 8\u3067\u306f\u5f31\u3044\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0(Weak maps)\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f31\u3044\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u30ac\u30d9\u30fc\u30b8\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3042\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u304c\u30ac\u30d9\u30fc\u30b8\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ea\u30b9\u30c83\u306b\u5f31\u3044\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f31\u3044\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8$map\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8$obj\u3092\u30ad\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5024\u3092\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8$obj\u306e\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u5024\u3092\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3059(4\u884c\u76ee)\u3002\u5909\u6570$map\u3092\u30c0\u30f3\u30d7\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u51fa\u529b\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u914d\u5217\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u306b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3001\u5024\u306b\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u305f\u5024\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059(5\u884c\u76ee)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
object(WeakMap)#1 (1) {\n [0]=>array(2) {\n [\"key\"]=>object(stdClass)#2 (0) {}\n [\"value\"]=>string(32) \"000000001c2bbea3000000007d9890f1\"\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5909\u6570$map\u306b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u30ad\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059(6\u884c\u76ee)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u305f\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8$obj\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8$obj\u3092\u524a\u9664\u5f8c\u3001\u5909\u6570$map\u3092\u518d\u5ea6\u30c0\u30f3\u30d7\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8$obj\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059(8\u884c\u76ee)\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u4ee3\u5165\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5143\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u6b8b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u5b9f\u4f53\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f31\u3044\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u5b9f\u4f53\u306f\u30ac\u30d9\u30fc\u30b8\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u9006\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 3 \u5f31\u3044\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<?php\n$map = new WeakMap;\n$obj = new stdClass;\n$map[$obj] = spl_object_hash($obj);\nvar_dump($map); \/\/ object(WeakMap)#1 (1)\nvar_dump($map[$obj]); \/\/ $obj\u306e\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u5024\nunset($obj);\nvar_dump($map); \/\/ object(WeakMap)#1 (0)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n::class\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u540d\u306b::class\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u53d6\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u5909\u6570\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u540d\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u3001get_class()\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002PHP 8.0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u5909\u6570\u306b::class\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u540d\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ea\u30b9\u30c84\u306b\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u540d\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002get_class()\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3068\u52d5\u4f5c\u306f\u5909\u308f\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u3088\u308a\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ea\u30b9\u30c84 \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u540d\u53c2\u7167\u306e\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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